Client-side planning model. Income Tax (England/Wales/NI): 20% to £50,270, 40% to £125,140, 45% above, on income over the £12,570 Personal Allowance (tapers £1 per £2 above £100,000).
| Taxable income | Rate |
|---|---|
| Up to £12,570 | 0% (Personal Allowance) |
| £12,571 – £50,270 | 20% basic |
| £50,271 – £125,140 | 40% higher |
| Over £125,140 | 45% additional |
Allowance tapers £1 per £2 above £100,000 — gone by £125,140. England/Wales/NI schedule; Scotland differs.
Taxable £37,430 → Income Tax £7,486 (all at 20%). Class 1 NI: (£50,270 − £12,570) × 8% = £2,994. Take-home £39,520/year (£3,293/month, £760/week).
More engine outputs: £30,000 → £25,120 net (£3,486 tax + £1,394 NI); £100,000 → £68,557 net (£27,432 tax + £4,011 NI). Reproduce any figure in the UK calculator.
Between £100,000 and £125,140 the Personal Allowance tapers away, so the effective marginal rate hits 60% in that window — the model reproduces it exactly (allowance minus half the excess over £100k). Above £125,140 there is no allowance left and the 45% additional rate applies.
8% from £12,570 to £50,270, 2% above — no cap. Employer NI is separate and never deducted here. Pensions, student loans and Scottish bands are not modelled.
Sources: HMRC 2026/27 rates and thresholds. Engine: uk/calculator-uk.js. Last verified: Sep 17, 2026. Not tax advice. UK calculator → · US version →
This page explains how the UK calculator reaches its numbers, where the effective rates come from, and what is not modelled. Any figure below can be reproduced in the UK take-home calculator.
The model takes gross pay, applies the £12,570 Personal Allowance, then the England, Wales and Northern Ireland bands at 20%, 40% and 45%. Above £100,000 the allowance is withdrawn at £1 for every £2 of extra income, so it is gone by £125,140. Employee National Insurance (Class 1) is 8% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270 and 2% above that, with no upper cap. Take-home is what remains, shown per year, month and week.
Between £100,000 and £125,140 an earner pays 40% income tax on each extra pound while also losing 50 pence of Personal Allowance for every extra pound earned. That lost allowance is itself taxed at 40%, adding 20 percentage points — an effective marginal rate near 60%. The model reproduces that window exactly instead of smoothing it, which is why the take-home curve flattens sharply in the middle of that range.
Pay frequency is cosmetic: £50,000 a year is £3,293 a month or £760 a week, and the annual tax does not change because of the cycle. What does move the number is the Personal Allowance — whether the tax code carries the full allowance, whether the £100,000 taper applies, and whether a pension is taken by salary sacrifice. NI is assessed per pay period, so irregular overtime can produce slightly different NI across weeks even when the annual total is unchanged.
Thresholds and rates come from HMRC’s published 2026/27 figures for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The model is re-checked when rates change at the start of a new tax year on 6 April, and after a Budget. Last verified: Sep 17, 2026.
Figures on this page are planning estimates built from published IRS tables and state agency rates; they are not tax advice. How we build and check these estimates · Edited by: Nuh Taspinar · Last updated: 2026-11-09